What is originality?

Sekadar perkongsian dengan teman-teman seperjuangan..kebiasaannya PhD akan dikaitkan dengan novelty, originality and contribution to new knowledge..adopted from Estelle M. Phillips and Derek S. Pugh, in their book How to get a PhD (3rd Edition 2000, Open University Press)....

1. Setting down a major piece of new information in writing for the first time.
2. Continuing a previously original piece of work.
3. Carrying out original work designed by the supervisor.
4. Providing a single original technique, observation, or result in an otherwise unoriginal but competent piece of research.
5. Having many original ideas, methods and interpretations all performed by others under the direction of the postgraduate.
6. Showing originality in testing somebody else's idea.
7. Carrying out empirical work that hasn't been done before.
8. Making a synthesis that hasn't been made before.
9. Using already known material but with a new interpretation.
10. Trying out something in your country that has previously only been done in other countries.
11. Taking a particularly technique and applying it to a new area.
12. Bringing new evidence to bear on an old issue.
13. Being cross-disciplinary and using different methodologies.
14. Looking at areas that people in the discipline haven't looked at before.
15. Adding to knowledge in a way that hasn't been done before.

Maka....jika salah satu criteria ini ada pada kajian anda...itu sudah dikira contribution to your PhD..kalau examiner argue lagi..tunjuk buku ni...ko berani? aku tak berani....hahahha...